Reading Notes

Incorruptible

How to build organizations that support human flourishing in the long term.

You’ve heard this story many times. An entrepreneur starts a company with a passionate vision to change the world: giving people healthier food choices, marketing a revolutionary new technology, curing a chronic illness. Eventually, they lose control of the company to entities with less noble motives. The founder’s beautiful vision succumbs to destructive extraction.

It’s happened many times: Boeing selling out its engineering culture, Johnson & Johnson compromising its values, Whole Foods losing its independence, etc. Some cases (e.g., Boeing) result in the loss of human life. But the tragedy isn’t just that the mission is compromised: in many cases, the company also succumbs, taking with it jobs and investor and customer value.

Incorruptible argues it doesn’t need to be like this. Ries analyzes the forces that cause founders to lose control of their companies — primarily, what he calls “financial gravity”: the seemingly inexorable pull of near-term ROI. He then offers alternatives in the form of uncommon governance structures.

But uncommon doesn’t mean unprecedented: The book offers case studies of organizations that have succeeded in the market while preserving their integrity, including Costco, Novo Nordisk, Zeiss, Gitlab, and more. These organizations have held on to their values and mission despite the odds because they were structured to resist — and in some cases, take advantage of — the pull of financial gravity.

This is a timely book. Many people today are down on capitalism. But the worst aspects of our financialized economic context aren’t inherent to free markets. Instead, they represent a particular — and relatively new — approach to organizing the economy.

Incorruptible offers a blueprint for a better future: one that encourages entrepreneurship while reducing negative externalities. Today’s common reductionist governance (invariably framed as “best practices”) is a choice. If you’re an early-stage founder, it behooves you to read this book.

August 22, 2026